International Trade Law Through the Cases

Volume I

Subjects: Law, International Trade, International, General
Imprint: Maize Books
Open Access : 9781607859864, 700 pages, 7 x 10, May 2027
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International Trade Law Through the Cases provides materials for the study of international trade law through the case law of the WTO.

Table of contents

Chapter I: The Syntax and Grammar of International Trade Law. 5

1. Introductory Note 6

1-1. General Remark on the Approach of this Casebook. 6

1-2. Supplementary Reading. 9

1-3. Useful Links 10

2. The Economics of International Trade 11

2-1. Comparative Advantage 11

2-2. Paul R. Krugman, What Do Undergrads Need To Know About Trade? 13

3. International Trade Law and the WTO. 19

3-1. Stages of Economic Integration. 19

3-2. Introduction to the WTO. 21

3-3. Telos of the WTO. 44

3-4. Case Law: US–Section 301. 49

4. Globalized Trade and its Discontents: The Nationalist / Populist Challenge. 58

4-1. Donald Trump, 2016 Speech on International Trade 58

4-2. A Free Trader’s “Response” 65

4-3. A Worker-Centric Approach to Trade? Biden Administration Trade Policy Agenda (2022) 67

4-4. Trump’s Trade Representative: Why We Remade the Global Order (August 7, 2025) 71

Chapter II: Border Measures: Tariffs, Quantitative Restrictions, and Customs Law. 76

1. Tariffs and Customs Law. 77

1-1. Overview. 77

1-2. Treaty Text and Relevant Provisions 83

1-3. U.S. H.S. Schedule, General Rules of Interpretation (2009) (Rev. 1) 103

1-4. U.S. H.S. Schedule, Chapter 22 (Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar) (2008) 105

1-5. EC—LAN, Appellate Body Report (1998) 136

1-6. EC—IT Products, Panel Report (2010) 152

1-7. WTO Agreement on Information Technology (2015) 159

2. Quantitative Restrictions 161

2-1. Legal Texts 161

2-2. Central Issues Relating to Quantitative Restrictions 163

3. Rules of Origin. 165

3-1. Rules of Origin Handbook (World Customs Organization) 166

3-2. Examples of (Preferential) Rules of Origin. 172

3-3. Better Home Plastics, US Court of International Trade (1996) 186

3-4. Renesola (European Court of Justice: C-209/20) 188

Chapter III: The Most-Favored Nation (MFN) Principle 192

1. Introduction. 193

2. Case Law. 197

2-1. Spain—Coffee, Report of the Panel, 11 June 1981 (L/5135 - 28S/102) 197

2-2. Japan—Lumber, Report of the Panel, 19 July 1989 (L/6470 - 36S/167) 206

3. Exceptions 215

Chapter IV: National Treatment: The Central Legal Discipline of the WTO.. 217

I. National Treatment – Taxation. 218

1. Legal Texts 218

2. Japan – Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages (Japanese Shochu II) 220

2-1. Report of the Panel in Japan – Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, WT/DS8, 10, 11/R, 11 July 1996. 220

2-2. Appeal by the U.S. 254

2-3. Appellate Body Report in Japan – Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, WT/DS8, 10, 11/AB/R, 4 October 1996. 260

II. National Treatment – Regulation. 283

1. Legal Texts 283

2. EC – Asbestos 285

2-1. Panel Report in European Communities – Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos –Containing Products, WT/DS135/R, 18 September 2000  285

2-2. Appellate Body Report in European Communities – Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos –Containing Products, WT/DS135/AB/R, 12 March 2001  315

3. EC – Seals 337

III. Optional Reading. 349

1. Taxation. 349

Chapter V: General Exceptions 355

Treaty Text: GATT 1994, Article XX. 356

2. Korea – Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef (2000) 358

2-1. Summary of Facts 358

2-2. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS161, 169/AB/R, 11 December 2000. 358

3. United States – Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline (1996) 377

2-1. Summary of Facts 377

2-2. Panel Report, WT/DS2/R, 29 January 1996. 379

2-3. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS2/AB/R, 22 April 1996. 393

4. United States – Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products (“Shrimp/Turtle”) (1998–2001) 413

4-1. Panel Report, WT/DS58/R, 15 May 1998. 413

4-2. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS58/AB/R, 12 October 1998. 435

4-3. Article 21.5 Appellate Body Report, WT/DS58/AB/RW, 22 October 2001. 461

5. Brazil – Measures Affecting Imports of Retreaded Tyres (2007) 475

5-1. Case Note on the Panel Report by Julia Qin. 475

5-2. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS332/AB/R, 3 December 2007. 481

Chapter VI: Security Exceptions 511

1-1. Legal Texts 513

2. Russia—Traffic in Transit 515

2-1. Report of the Panel, WT/DS512, 5 April 2019. 515

2-2. Minutes of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) Meeting on the Adoption of the Panel Report in Russia—Traffic in Transit DS512, 26 April, 2019  532

3. Saudi Arabia—Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights 536

3-1. Report of the Panel, WT/DS567/R, 16 June 2020. 536

4. Security Exceptions in Regional Agreements 550

4-1. Canada—European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) 550

4-2. United States—Mexico—Canada Agreement (USMCA) 550

4-3. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) 551

Chapter VII: Globalism v. Regionalism (GATT Art. XXIV) 553

1. Introduction. 554

1-1. Overview of Regional Integration. 554

1-2. Legal Texts 555

1-3. Regional Trade Agreements 564

2. Turkey – Restrictions on Imports of Textile and Clothing Products (Turkey—Textiles) 565

2-1. Editors’ Case Summary. 565

2-2. Report of the Panel, WT/DS34R, 31 May 1999. 566

2-3. Report of the Appellate Body, WT/DS34/AB/R, 22 October 1999. 589

Description

International trade law is a manifold. It comprises a wide array of international legal instruments designed to discipline states in their regulation of cross-border trade, including primarily trade in goods and services but also intellectual property, digital trade, and even investment. The study of international trade law requires choices. As the title of this book suggests, the choice of this particular book is to study international trade law through the cases—in particular the robust case law of the WTO. The theory behind our approach is rather that developing a firm foundation in the law and jurisprudence of the WTO will provide a student with the tools to confidently and competently analyze any international trade instrument on their own.  The focus here is primarily (though not exclusively) on the law of the WTO, but the goal is to learn the key concepts and disciplines of international trade law writ large.

Joseph H. H. Weiler is University Professor and Joseph Straus Professor of Law at New York University School of Law.

Julian Arato is Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School.

Kathleen Claussen is Professor of Law at the Georgetown Law Center.

Sungjoon Cho is Professor of Law at the Chicago-Kent School of Law.