International Trade Law Through the Cases

Volume II

Subjects: Law, General, International Trade, International
Imprint: Maize Books
Paperback : 9781607859871, 775 pages, 7 x 10, May 2027
Ebook : 9781607859888, 775 pages, 7 x 10, May 2027
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International Trade Law Through the Cases provides materials for the study of international trade law through the case law of the WTO.

Table of contents

Chapter VIII: Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) 5

1. Introduction. 6

1-1. Overview. 6

1-2. Legal Text. 17

2. From Non-Discrimination to Unnecessary Obstacles (TBT 2.1 & 2.2) 43

2-1. US – Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes (US – Clove Cigarettes) 43

2-2. US – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (Tuna/Dolphin II) 74

3. Harmonization and International Standards (TBT 2.4) 103

3-1. EC – Trade Description of Sardines (EC – Sardines) 103

3-2. US – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (Tuna/Dolphin II) 125

Chapter IX: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) 142

1.  Introduction. 143

1-1. Overview.. 143

1-2. Legal Text 156

2. EC – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (EC—Hormones) 179

2-1. Panel Report, WT/DS26/R/USA, 18 August 1997. 179

2-2. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS26, 48/AB/R, 16 January 1998. 216

2-3. Note on US—Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC—Hormones Dispute. 247

2-4. US—Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC—Hormones Dispute, Appellate Body Report, WT/DS320/AB/R, 16 October 2008  250

3. Japan – Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (2003) 273

3-1. Appellate Body Report, WT/DS245/AB/R, 26 November 2003. 273

4. Optional Reading. 301

4-1. Case Law.. 301

4-2. The Hermeneutics of Science in WTO Law. 305

Chapter X: Trade in Services (GATS) and Dispute Settlement (DSU) 314

1. Introduction to Services. 315

1-1. Overview.. 315

1-2. Treaty Text 318

1-3. Schedules of Specific Commitments. 338

2. United States – Measures affecting the cross-border supply of gambling and betting services (the “Gambling Dispute”) 343

2-1. Introduction. 343

2-2. History of the Gambling Dispute. 345

2-3. Appellate Body Report in Gambling. 347

2-4. Arbitration under Article 21.3(c) DSU.. 413

2-5. Compliance Proceeding under Article 21.5 DSU. 428

2-6. Arbitration under Article 22.6 DSU.. 463

2-7. Modification and Withdrawal of Concessions – Article XXI GATS. 512

Chapter XI: Trade Remedies 522

1. Anti-Dumping. 523

1-1. Overview.. 523

1-2. Treaty Text 531

1-3. US—Hot Rolled Steel 560

1-4. Introduction to “Zeroing”. 581

1-5. US—Mexico Stainless Steel 584

1-6. Australian Government Research Paper on Anti-Dumping (2016) 598

2. Subsidies & Countervailing Duties. 604

2-1. Overview.. 604

2-2. Treaty Text 610

2-3. US—Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties (China) 613

3. Safeguards 632

3-1. Treaty Text 632

3-1(a). Safeguards. 632

3-1(b) Security Exceptions 635

3-2. Tariffs Imposed by the Trump Administration under Sections 201 & 232. 636

3-2(a). Section 201 Tariffs on Washing Machines and Solar Cells (Safeguards) 636

3-2(b). Section 232 Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum (National Security) 640

3-3. Response of the European Union. 645

4. Unilateral Investigations. 650

4-1. Panel Report, U.S.—Sections 301-310 of the Trade Act (22 December 1999) 650

4-2. Trump Administration Section 301 Actions on China (2018–2019). 654

4-3. Biden Administration Section 301 Actions on China (2022-2024) 659

Chapter XII: Trade and Labor 661

1.  Introduction. 662

2.  USMCA Chapter 23 Excerpt 663

3.  EU-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (2023) Trade & Sustainable Development Chapter Excerpt 666

4.  USMCA Rapid Response Mechanism.. 669

5.  Panel Established Pursuant to Article 31-A.5.3 of the USMCA. Mexico – Measures concerning Labor Rights at the San Martin Mine (MEX-USA-2023-31A-01), 26 April 2024. 672

6.  The European Union–Korea Free Trade Agreement Sustainable Development Proceeding (Summary) 681

Chapter XIII: The “America First” Trade Policy. 688

1.  Introduction. 689

1-1...... Essay, The “America First Trade Policy” in Practice 689

2.  Statutory Text 702

2-1...... 50 USC Ch. 35: International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) 702

3.  Executive Orders and Actions 706

3-1...... Imposing Duties To Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People's Republic of China  706

3-2...... Regulating Imports with a Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices that Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits. 709

3-3...... General Terms for the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Economic Prosperity Deal 716

3-4...... Implementing the General Terms of the U.S.-UK Economic Prosperity Deal 721

3-5...... Agreement between the United States of America and Malaysia on Reciprocal Trade, 26 October 2025  723

4.  Case Law.. 734

4-1...... Learning Resources v. Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, Supreme Court of the United States, 20 February 2026  734

4-2...... Oregon et al. v. United States et al., U.S. Court of International Trade, Opinion and Order, 7 May 2026  745

5.  Subsequent Executive Actions 758

5-1          Determinations and Proposed Actions in § 301 Investigation of Various Economies relating to Forced Labor (June, 2026)  758

Description

International trade law is a manifold. It comprises a wide array of international legal instruments designed to discipline states in their regulation of cross-border trade, including primarily trade in goods and services but also intellectual property, digital trade, and even investment. The study of international trade law requires choices. As the title of this book suggests, the choice of this particular book is to study international trade law through the cases—in particular the robust case law of the WTO. The theory behind our approach is rather that developing a firm foundation in the law and jurisprudence of the WTO will provide a student with the tools to confidently and competently analyze any international trade instrument on their own.  The focus here is primarily (though not exclusively) on the law of the WTO, but the goal is to learn the key concepts and disciplines of international trade law writ large.

Joseph H. H. Weiler is University Professor and Joseph Straus Professor of Law at New York University School of Law.

Julian Arato is Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School.

Kathleen Claussen is Professor of Law at the Georgetown Law Center.

Sungjoon Cho is Professor of Law at the Chicago-Kent School of Law.